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Hyperbaric oxygen and pulmonary surface tension.

D R Bergren, D L Beckman

    Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
    |August 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    High pressure oxygen exposure alters lung surfactants in cats, increasing intra-alveolar cholesterol. This may cause lung injury by raising minimum surface tension, even without visible damage.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Physiology
    • High Pressure Physiology

    Background:

    • Short-term high pressure oxygen (OHP) exposure in cats alters alveolar surfactants without significant lung damage.
    • Prolonged OHP exposure causes hemorrhagic lung edema, similar to rat responses.
    • Previous studies linked sympathetic stimulation and CNS injury to surfactant changes via increased intra-alveolar cholesterol.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of OHP exposure on cat lung surfactants and cholesterol.
    • To determine if OHP-induced surfactant changes precede gross lung injury.

    Main Methods:

    • Cats were exposed to OHP (6 ATA) until intermittent seizures occurred (approx. 1 hour).
    • Alveolar surfactants and lung tissue were analyzed for changes in surface tension and cholesterol content.

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  • Lung appearance and weight were assessed for gross injury.

    • Main Results:

    • OHP exposure resulted in altered surfactants with high minimum surface tension.
    • A 150% increase in intra-alveolar cholesterol was observed.
    • These surfactant and cholesterol changes occurred without gross lung injury.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased intra-alveolar cholesterol leads to higher minimum surface tension.
    • This initial increase in surface tension is a potential causal mechanism for OHP-induced lung injury.
    • OHP exposure can induce lung injury through biochemical changes in surfactants, independent of immediate physical damage.