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Related Experiment Videos

Teratogen update: Lyme disease.

D J Elliott1, S C Eppes, J D Klein

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.

Teratology
|December 18, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Lyme disease (LD) during pregnancy has a low risk of adverse outcomes, especially with antibiotic treatment. Studies reviewed suggest no characteristic birth defects, though some cases show skin or cardiac issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Reproductive Health
  • Teratology

Background:

  • Lyme disease (LD), caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is a spirochetal infection.
  • Spirochetes can potentially cross the placenta, leading to fetal infection during maternal spirochetemia.
  • Existing data on gestational LD effects are derived from case reports, epidemiological studies, and animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the global literature on the reproductive effects of Lyme disease.
  • To assess the potential for fetal infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with gestational LD.
  • To provide management recommendations for clinical situations involving Lyme disease in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing world literature.
  • Analysis of case reports and series concerning Lyme disease in pregnancy.
  • Examination of epidemiological studies and experimental animal models.

Main Results:

  • No characteristic teratogenic effect of Lyme disease has been definitively identified.
  • Some reports indicate predominant involvement of maternal skin and fetal cardiac systems.
  • Animal studies suggest a potential for pregnancy wastage, though human data are less conclusive.
  • Gestational Lyme disease is associated with a low risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly when treated with appropriate antibiotics.

Conclusions:

  • Lyme disease in pregnancy does not appear to cause characteristic birth defects.
  • Adverse pregnancy outcomes are infrequent, especially with timely and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
  • Management strategies for pregnant individuals with Lyme disease are presented.

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