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Redox Reactions

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Balancing Redox Equations

Balancing Redox Equations

Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...

Redox Equilibria: Overview

Redox Equilibria: Overview

A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...

Redox Reactions

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

Regulation of nucleotide excision repair in bacteria and mammalian cells.

Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology·2003

Same author

The SOS-dependent upregulation of uvrD is not required for efficient nucleotide excision repair of ultraviolet light induced DNA photoproducts in Escherichia coli.

Mutation research·2001

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Spatially localized generation of nucleotide sequence-specific DNA damage.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2001

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Effect of thymine glycol on transcription elongation by T7 RNA polymerase and mammalian RNA polymerase II.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2001

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Participation of recombination proteins in rescue of arrested replication forks in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli need not involve recombination.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2001

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Controlling the efficiency of excision repair.

Mutation research·2001

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Murine Wound Model

In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Murine Wound Model

Published on: November 17, 2018

Revisiting the rodent repairadox.

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA.

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis

|December 18, 2001

Summary

Rodent cells show similar survival to human cells after UV exposure but are deficient in repairing DNA damage, a paradox crucial for genetic toxicology. Understanding this "repairadox" is key.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

Cultured rodent and human cells exhibit comparable survival rates post-ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure.
Rodent cells, unlike human cells, often lack efficient excision repair for UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, the primary DNA lesion.
This discrepancy, termed the "repairadox," has implications for using rodents as models in genetic toxicology.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the advancements in understanding DNA repair mechanisms in rodents.
To explore the genetic and molecular basis of the observed differences in UV DNA repair between rodents and humans.
To honor the contributions of Dick Setlow to the field of DNA repair research.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways.

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Monitoring On-Target Signaling Responses in Larval Zebrafish - Z-REX Unmasks Precise Mechanisms of Electrophilic Drugs and Metabolites

Monitoring On-Target Signaling Responses in Larval Zebrafish - Z-REX Unmasks Precise Mechanisms of Electrophilic Drugs and Metabolites

Published on: June 2, 2023

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Murine Wound Model

In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Murine Wound Model

Published on: November 17, 2018

Improved Rodent Model of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

Improved Rodent Model of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

Published on: March 7, 2022

Monitoring On-Target Signaling Responses in Larval Zebrafish - Z-REX Unmasks Precise Mechanisms of Electrophilic Drugs and Metabolites

Monitoring On-Target Signaling Responses in Larval Zebrafish - Z-REX Unmasks Precise Mechanisms of Electrophilic Drugs and Metabolites

Published on: June 2, 2023

Analysis of studies investigating DNA repair capacity in cultured rodent and human cells.

Discussion of recent findings on the regulation of NER.

Main Results:

Recent research is beginning to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the rodent "repairadox."
Understanding the genetic control of NER is crucial for interpreting rodent toxicology data.
The efficiency of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair varies significantly between rodent and human cell lines.

Conclusions:

The "repairadox" in UV DNA repair between rodents and humans is increasingly understood through molecular studies.
Resolving this paradox is vital for the accurate application of rodent models in genetic toxicology assessments.
Further research into NER regulation will refine our understanding of cellular responses to DNA damage.