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Cooperation through indirect reciprocity: image scoring or standing strategy?

M Milinski1, D Semmann, T C Bakker

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology, 24306 Plön, Germany. milinski@mpil-ploen.mpg.de

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|December 19, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Cooperation can evolve through indirect reciprocity. This study found human behavior aligns more with image scoring than "good standing" strategies, with participants compensating for refusing to help certain individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Game Theory
  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Cooperation through indirect reciprocity is a recent theoretical development.
  • Image scoring and
  • good standing
  • strategies have been proposed to explain its evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally distinguish between image scoring and
  • good standing
  • mechanisms in human cooperation.
  • To test the evolutionary stability of these strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Empirical study with 23 groups of seven human subjects.
  • Experimental design to differentiate between two theoretical models of indirect reciprocity.

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Main Results:

  • Human behavior was largely compatible with image scoring, not
  • good standing
  • strategies.
  • Participants compensated for refusing to help
  • NO players
  • by being more generous to others.

Conclusions:

  • Image scoring may be a more robust mechanism for indirect reciprocity in human populations than previously suggested.
  • Cognitive load might limit the applicability of complex strategies like
  • good standing
  • .