Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Electron Transport Chain

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Contamination of health-care workers' hands with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species after routine patient care: a prospective observational study.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2019

Same author

Detection and Prevalence of Penicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the United States in 2013.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2016

Same author

Multicenter evaluation of the new Vitek 2 yeast susceptibility test using new CLSI clinical breakpoints for fluconazole.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2014

Same author

Multicenter study of anidulafungin and micafungin MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for eight Candida species and the CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2013

Same author

Seasonality of staphylococcal infections.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2012

Same author

Progress in antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida spp. by use of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods, 2010 to 2012.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Electrochemotherapy of Tumours

Electrochemotherapy of Tumours

Published on: December 15, 2008

Oxazolidinone antibiotics.

D J Diekema¹, R N Jones

¹Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. daniel-diekema@uiowa.edu

Lancet (London, England)

|December 19, 2001

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New antimicrobial drugs are needed to combat resistant gram-positive pathogens. Linezolid, an oxazolidinone, shows promise for treating serious infections caused by resistant bacteria like MRSA and VRE.

More Related Videos

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

Published on: October 3, 2018

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases

Published on: March 1, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Electrochemotherapy of Tumours

Electrochemotherapy of Tumours

Published on: December 15, 2008

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

Published on: October 3, 2018

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology

Background:

Gram-positive bacterial infections pose a growing threat due to increasing antimicrobial resistance.
Novel therapeutic agents are essential to overcome resistance in pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of linezolid, a novel oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent, against resistant gram-positive pathogens.
To assess linezolid's pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles for clinical application.

Main Methods:

In vitro susceptibility testing against key resistant gram-positive pathogens.
Clinical trial data analysis for pneumonia, skin/soft-tissue infections, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci infections.
Pharmacokinetic and safety assessments of linezolid.

Main Results:

Linezolid exhibits in vitro bacteriostatic activity against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating pneumonia, skin and soft-tissue infections, and VRE infections.
Favorable pharmacokinetic profile with near-complete oral bioavailability and acceptable toxicity.

Conclusions:

Linezolid represents a significant advancement in treating serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria.
It offers a viable alternative to existing therapies like glycopeptides and streptogramins.
Further oxazolidinone modifications may yield agents with enhanced potency and broader activity spectra.