Hepatopulmonary syndrome occurring after orthotopic liver transplantation

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an infrequent complication of liver cirrhosis. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has gained increasing acceptance as a treatment modality for HPS, although there have been reports of HPS developing after OLT with documented recurrence of cirrhosis. We describe the case of a 9-year-old boy who underwent OLT at 7 months of age because of biliary atresia. He subsequently developed HPS in the setting of chronic rejection without cirrhosis or evidence of portal hypertension. Re-OLT resulted in resolution of HPS and a good clinical outcome.