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Related Experiment Videos

Space radiation absorbed dose distribution in a human phantom.

G D Badhwar1, W Atwell, F F Badavi

  • 1NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058-3696, USA. William.Atwell@sw.Boeing.com

Radiation Research
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Astronaut radiation risk was assessed using a phantom, revealing organ doses are about 80% of skin dose. Galactic cosmic radiation models underestimated dose rates, highlighting the need for better space radiation protection strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Space science
  • Radiation biology
  • Dosimetry

Background:

  • Astronaut radiation risk assessment traditionally relies on thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) for skin dose, with organ doses estimated using average quality factors.
  • Accurate estimation of organ and tissue doses is crucial for radiological risk assessment in space environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly measure organ doses within a human phantom during spaceflight and compare them to skin doses.
  • To validate and improve space radiation transport models by comparing predictions with in-phantom measurements.
  • To differentiate between trapped proton and galactic cosmic radiation contributions to astronaut dose.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a fully instrumented Alderson Rando phantom torso with active dosimeters at five organ locations during the STS-91 space flight.
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline Radiation HealthNASA Experiment Number 9307039

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed a tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) and a charged-particle directional spectrometer (CPDS) to characterize the external radiation environment.
  • Developed accurate shielding models for the phantom and dosimeters, alongside passive detectors for neutron measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • Spatial dose distribution within the phantom showed a 30% variation from front to back.
    • The ratio of blood-forming organ dose rate to skin absorbed dose rate was approximately 80% in International Space Station (ISS) orbit near solar minimum.
    • Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) model predictions for dose rates were found to be 20% lower than observed measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct phantom measurements provide critical data for refining astronaut radiation risk assessments.
    • Current GCR models require revision to accurately predict absorbed doses in space.
    • The significant contribution of thermal neutrons to astronaut dose warrants further investigation and improved detection methods.