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Polysome translational state during the cell cycle.

T Eremenko, P Volpe

    European Journal of Biochemistry
    |March 17, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cellular translation machinery mobilizes for polysome formation during the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. Ribosome state is a key factor limiting translation, especially during mitosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • The cell cycle involves dynamic regulation of protein synthesis.
    • Understanding translation dynamics is crucial for cell function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantitatively analyze ribosomal states and protein synthesis throughout the HeLa cell cycle.
    • To investigate the relationship between polysome formation and protein synthesis rates.

    Main Methods:

    • HeLa cells synchronized using a double thymidine block.
    • Quantitative analysis of ribosomal subunits, monomers, and polyribosomes via sucrose gradient centrifugation.
    • Measurement of [3H]leucine incorporation into nascent polypeptide chains and cellular proteins.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Polyribosome formation increases from G2 to M phase, showing a bi-phasic pattern with G2 peak higher than G1.
    • Protein synthesis rate exhibits a bi-phasic pattern with a higher G1 peak and lower G2 peak.
    • Discrepancies in protein synthesis are linked to polysome size, with large polysomes predominating in older cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Translation machinery is mobilized during G2/M, with ribosome state potentially limiting protein synthesis, particularly in mitosis.
    • Differences in polysome size and potential "frozen" polysomes may explain variations in translation rates.
    • Ribosome availability and state are critical regulators of protein synthesis throughout the cell cycle.