Synthesis of apamin, a neurotoxic peptide from bee venom

The apamin sequence has been synthesized by the solid-phase procedure. The synthetic peptide showed the same physiochemical and chemical properties as natural apamin in the following tests: paper electrophoresis, amino acid analyses after acid and enzymatic hydrolyses, sequence analysis, electrophoreses after tryptic and chymotryptic digestions. Synthetic apamin was as active as natural apamin in the neurotoxic assay in mice (LD50, after subcutaneous injection, for the 20-g mouse: 58 mug).