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High-pressure transformations in xenon hydrates.

Chrystèle Sanloup1, Ho-kwang Mao Hk, Russell J Hemley

  • 1Geophysical Laboratory and Center for High Pressure Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington DC 20015, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied xenon and water under high pressure, discovering a new xenon clathrate phase stable up to 2.5 GPa. This finding impacts understanding of xenon in planetary interiors.

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Area of Science:

  • High-pressure condensed matter physics
  • Geochemistry
  • Planetary science

Background:

  • Xenon clathrates are crystalline solids where xenon atoms are trapped within a water ice framework.
  • Understanding the stability and structure of these clathrates under extreme pressures is crucial for planetary science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the high-pressure behavior of the xenon-water (Xe-H2O) system.
  • To identify new xenon clathrate phases and determine their structural and mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Diamond-anvil cell techniques for generating high pressures.
  • In situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction for structural analysis.
  • Laser heating for simulating high-temperature conditions.

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Main Results:

  • Structure I xenon clathrate (Clathrate A) is stable up to 1.8 GPa, with a bulk modulus of 9 ± 1 GPa.
  • A novel xenon clathrate phase (Clathrate B) was discovered, stable from 1.8 to 2.5 GPa.
  • Clathrate B has a tetragonal structure with a bulk modulus of 45 ± 5 GPa.

Conclusions:

  • The extended stability of Structure I xenon clathrate and the existence of a new high-pressure phase have significant implications for the presence and behavior of xenon in terrestrial and planetary interiors.
  • These findings contribute to models of planetary formation and evolution, particularly concerning volatile elements under extreme conditions.