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[Rat-bite fever].

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Rat bite fever, caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, presents with fever and malaise after rodent exposure. Prompt penicillin therapy is crucial for recovery from this potentially fatal infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rat bite fever and Haverhill fever are zoonotic diseases caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, a bacterium found in the oral flora of rodents.
  • Infection can lead to severe symptoms including fever, headache, nausea, myalgia, and potentially fatal complications if untreated.

Observation:

  • A case study details a 48-year-old woman who developed fever and malaise five days post-rat bite.
  • The patient subsequently presented with rash and arthritis, and initial treatment with erythromycin was ineffective.

Findings:

  • Streptobacillus moniliformis was identified from the patient's blood culture.
  • Elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR) and liver enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, gamma-GT) were noted on admission.
  • Intravenous penicillin therapy led to normalization of laboratory results and patient recovery.

Implications:

  • Fever following rodent bites necessitates consideration of S. moniliformis infection.
  • Diagnosis relies on blood culture or cultivation from bite wound exudate.
  • Penicillin is the primary treatment; tetracycline is an alternative for penicillin-intolerant patients.