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Regression of attained milestones in an HIV infected infant

P Madhivanan1, S N Mothi, N Kumarasamy

  • 1YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, No. 1 Raman Street, T. Nagar, Chennai-17, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|January 5, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Developmental delay in children may signal HIV infection. Early antiretroviral therapy can halt the regression of developmental milestones in pediatric HIV encephalopathy cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can affect the central nervous system in children, leading to neurological complications.
  • HIV encephalopathy is a serious condition characterized by cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments.
  • Developmental regression, the loss of previously acquired skills, can be a presenting symptom in pediatric HIV.

Observation:

  • An 18-month-old child presented with regression of attained developmental milestones.
  • This clinical presentation was attributed to HIV encephalopathy.
  • This case represents the first reported instance of this manifestation in Indian medical literature.

Findings:

  • Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) led to the cessation of further developmental milestone regression.
  • The child's neurological status stabilized following the commencement of treatment.
  • Early intervention with ART appears crucial in managing HIV encephalopathy.

Implications:

  • Pediatricians should consider HIV infection in the differential diagnosis of early developmental delay and regression.
  • Awareness of this potential manifestation can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of pediatric HIV.
  • Prompt initiation of ART is vital for improving outcomes and preventing further neurological damage in children with HIV encephalopathy.

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