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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Analyte Adsorption and Distribution01:09

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution

In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and solvents...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...

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On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
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Modification of the electroosmotic flow and separation selectivity of anions in electrochromatography with

T Yokoyama1, M Macka, P R Haddad

  • 1Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart.

Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Adding specific salts to background electrolyte solutions significantly impacts capillary electrochromatography separations. Perchlorate-containing electrolytes enable stable electroosmotic flow and tunable selectivity for polarizable anions.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) relies on electroosmotic flow (EOF) and analyte retention for separation.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants are used as pseudo-stationary phases in CEC.
  • Background electrolyte composition influences EOF and separation selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of different salts on EOF and anion separation selectivity in CEC.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which salts influence CEC separations.
  • To identify optimal conditions for stable EOF and selective anion separation.

Main Methods:

  • Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was employed.
  • Various salts (NaCl, NaClO4, MgCl2, CeCl3) were added to the background electrolyte (BGE).
  • The zwitterionic surfactant 3-(N,N-dimethylmyristylammonio)propane sulfonate (C14N3S) was used as a pseudo-stationary phase.

Main Results:

  • Added salts influenced both EOF and the retention of anions.
  • Two primary mechanisms were identified: salt ion interaction with the surfactant and changes in EOF.
  • A BGE with perchlorate and low zwitterionic surfactant concentration yielded stable EOF.
  • Perchlorate concentration effectively manipulated selectivity for polarizable anions like iodide and thiocyanate.

Conclusions:

  • Salt composition critically affects CEC performance.
  • Perchlorate is a promising additive for controlling EOF and enhancing selectivity in CEC for specific anions.
  • Understanding ion-surfactant interactions is key to optimizing CEC separations.