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Normative data for the HADS from a large non-clinical sample.

J R Crawford1, J D Henry, C Crombie

  • 1Department of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2UB, UK. j.crawford@abdn.ac.uk

The British Journal of Clinical Psychology
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
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This study provides normative data for the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) in a UK adult population. The findings help clinicians interpret HADS scores by assessing their rarity against established percentiles.

Area of Science:

  • Psychological assessment
  • Clinical psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) is widely used for screening anxiety and depression.
  • Establishing population-specific normative data is crucial for accurate interpretation of HADS scores.
  • Existing normative data may not reflect the current general adult population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate comprehensive normative data for the HADS.
  • To provide percentile conversions for anxiety and depression subscales based on a large, representative UK adult sample.
  • To facilitate more precise clinical interpretation of HADS scores.

Main Methods:

  • A correlational design was employed using data from a non-clinical UK adult sample (N=1792).

Related Experiment Videos

  • The HADS was administered to assess anxiety and depression levels.
  • Statistical analyses examined the influence of demographic variables on HADS scores.

    • Main Results:

    • Demographic variables demonstrated minimal influence on HADS scores.
    • The HADS exhibited acceptable reliability, with moderate correlation between anxiety and depression scales (r=.53).
    • Percentile conversion tables for males and females were generated.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed normative data enhance the clinical utility of the HADS.
    • Clinicians can use these data to evaluate the prevalence of specific HADS scores within the general population.
    • This provides a valuable adjunct to existing HADS scoring thresholds.