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Normative data for the HADS from a large non-clinical sample
J R Crawford1, J D Henry, C Crombie
1Department of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2UB, UK. j.crawford@abdn.ac.uk
Objectives:
To provide normative data for the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS).
Design:
Repeated measures and correlational.
Methods:
The HADS was administered to a non-clinical sample, broadly representative of the general adult UK population (N = 1792) in terms of the distributions of age, gender and occupational status. Correlational analysis was used to determine the influence of demographic variables on HADS scores.
Results:
Demographic variables had only very modest influences on HADS scores. The reliability of the HADS is acceptable; the Anxiety and Depression scales are moderately correlated (.53). Tables to convert raw scores to percentiles are presented for females and males.
Conclusions:
The present normative data allow clinicians to assess the rarity of a given HADS score, and thus provide a useful supplement to existing cut-off scores.