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Silicon excretion from bioactive glass implanted in rabbit bone.

William Lai1, Jonathan Garino, Paul Ducheyne

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Center for Bioactive Materials and Tissue Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.

Biomaterials
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Silicon released from bioactive glass implants is safely excreted through rabbit urine. This study tracked silicon levels, finding no harmful accumulation in organs, confirming its harmless excretion pathway.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Biocompatibility Studies
  • Skeletal Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Bioactive glasses are utilized in bone regeneration due to their ability to bond with bone tissue.
  • Understanding the in vivo fate of silicon released from bioactive glass is crucial for assessing its safety.
  • Previous studies have indicated the potential for silicon release, but its systemic distribution and excretion pathway require detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the metabolic pathway and excretion route of silicon released from implanted bioactive glass granules in a rabbit tibia model.
  • To quantify the rate of silicon excretion and assess potential accumulation in organs.
  • To evaluate the safety and biocompatibility of silicon resorption from bioactive glass in vivo.

Main Methods:

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  • Bioactive glass granules were implanted into rabbit tibiae.
  • Urine and blood samples were collected for up to 7 months post-implantation to measure silicon levels.
  • Bone tissue and major organs (kidney, liver, lung, lymph nodes, spleen) were analyzed for silicon content and histopathology.

Main Results:

  • Urinary silicon levels were significantly elevated in rabbits with bioactive glass implants compared to controls.
  • An average silicon excretion rate of approximately 1.8 mg/day was calculated, with complete excretion of the implanted amount within 24 weeks.
  • Elevated silicon concentrations were confined to the implant site; no significant increase was detected in kidneys or other organs.
  • Urinary silicon concentrations remained below saturation levels, and excretion was within the physiological capacity of the rabbits.

Conclusions:

  • The silicon released from resorbed bioactive glass is safely and effectively excreted in soluble form via urine.
  • Bioactive glass demonstrates good biocompatibility, as evidenced by the lack of systemic silicon accumulation and organ toxicity.
  • The findings support the use of bioactive glass in orthopedic and dental applications, highlighting its predictable and harmless metabolic fate.