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Neuroendocrine responses to hypoglycaemia decrease within the first year after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

M B Damholt1, N J Christensen, J Hilsted

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Early type 1 diabetes impairs neuroendocrine responses to low blood sugar. These changes in adrenaline and noradrenaline levels are not due to nerve damage but altered central nervous system activity.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Diminished neuroendocrine responses to hypoglycemia are known in long-term diabetes.
  • The role of autonomic nervous system changes in these reductions is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early changes in neuroendocrine responses to hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes.
  • To determine if autonomic and somatic nerve function are altered within the first year of type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Studied six type 1 diabetes patients at 3 and 12 months post-diagnosis.
  • Induced hypoglycemia via intravenous insulin infusion.
  • Assessed autonomic nerve function using cardiovascular tests and somatic nerve function via nerve conduction velocities.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Significant reductions in adrenaline and noradrenaline responses to hypoglycemia were observed at 12 months compared to 3 months.
  • Pancreatic polypeptide response also diminished significantly at 12 months.
  • No significant changes in autonomic or somatic nerve function tests were detected.

Conclusions:

  • Altered neuroendocrine responses to hypoglycemia can occur early in type 1 diabetes.
  • These early changes are likely due to central nervous system alterations rather than autonomic neuropathy.
  • A higher threshold for sympathoadrenal system activation may be involved.