Multilevel analysis with messy data
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Updated: Oct 3, 2026

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
Published on: July 3, 2020
1De Montfort University, James Went Building 2-8, The Gateway, Leicester LE2 5YL, UK.
Abstract:
This paper reviews applications of the method of multiple imputation to dealing with multilevel data that have several kinds of imperfections. These are classified into two broad categories: missing values and imprecise measurement (corrupted recording). The role of the model describing the data imperfections is emphasized. With multiple imputation, these imperfections and information about the processes underlying them can be taken into account. The inferences drawn exploit all the collected information and appropriately reflect the information contained in the data.
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