Automated medication distribution systems and compliance with Joint Commission standards

One health care institution's experience with an automated medication distribution (AMD) system is described, along with how the system met standards of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). AMD units were implemented in nearly 50 patient care locations in a medical center with the goal of providing cartless distribution for over 90% of all medications. Planning for the system began in the fall of 1998; the system was fully implemented by mid-2000. In compliance with JCAHO requirements, the system provided medications in unit dose or single unit-of-use packaging, supplied drugs in a ready-to-administer form, ensured that drugs were available only near the time of administration, created a patient-specific medication profile, allowed for pharmacist review of medication orders before dispensing, provided proper storage conditions, prevented unauthorized use, allowed for access in emergencies, and met federal and state regulations. Implementation of the system improved drug distribution at the medical center and saved nursing and pharmacy time. Challenges included waits by nurses trying to access the AMD units and the extensive, ongoing education and training required for users of the system. An AMD system should be fully integrated with the health care institution's medication-use process and comply with applicable JCAHO standards.