John Dewey and early Chicago functionalism.

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Philosophy of Mind
• History of Psychology

Background:

• The Chicago school of functional psychology is traditionally viewed as a unified theoretical approach.
• This approach is primarily attributed to William James's naturalist theory of mental processes.
• John Dewey and James Angell are recognized as the founder and systematizer, respectively.

Discussion:

• This article challenges the unified theoretical approach of the early Chicago school.
• It argues that James Angell's systematized psychology aligned with William James's naturalism.
• However, John Dewey's psychology was significantly influenced by Thomas Hill Green's neo-Hegelian philosophy.

Key Insights:

• Analysis of Dewey's writings reveals Green's neo-Hegelian influence on his concepts of reaction, emotion, and perception.
• This philosophical underpinning contrasts with the naturalist approach attributed to the school.
• Dewey's distinct philosophical foundation suggests a divergence from a unified theoretical framework.

Outlook:

• Re-evaluating the philosophical underpinnings of early Chicago functionalism.
• The findings necessitate a revised understanding of the Chicago school's theoretical coherence.
• This research prompts further investigation into the diverse philosophical influences shaping early American psychology.