Clinics in diagnostic imaging (64). Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

A 30-year-old woman undergoing chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia developed fever. Chest radiograph showed ill-defined nodules in the mid and lower zones. CT showed multiple nodules that cavitated with commencement of anti-fungal therapy. Follow-up CT showed complete resolution of the pulmonary nodules, confirming the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Aspergillus fumigatus presents clinically as aspergilloma, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis depending on the immune status of the host. The different manifestations are discussed and imaging features of representative clinical case studies are illustrated.