[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): current concepts]

COPD is a widespread disease in western countries affecting 10% of adults and linked to tobacco consumption in 90% of cases. This disorder is characterized by a reduced maximal expiratory flow which is irreversible and slowly progressive over the years. In those who are genetically prone to develop a COPD, chronic exposure to toxic fumes or particles generates a bronchiolitis and an emphysema which cause disturbances in ventilation mechanics and alveolar gaz exchange. This leads to symptoms of breathlessness, hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension and, in end stage disease, cor pulmonale. The smoking cessation is the only way to prevent the occurrence of COPD.