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The relationship between the structural mere exposure effect and the implicit learning process.

B R Newell1, J E Bright

  • 1The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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The structural mere exposure effect (SMEE) in artificial grammar learning depends on consistent encoding and testing conditions. Changes in stimuli or processing disrupt SMEE, but not explicit rule judgments.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Artificial Grammar Learning
  • Implicit Learning

Background:

  • The mere exposure effect suggests familiarity breeds liking.
  • Implicit learning occurs without conscious awareness of learning.
  • Artificial grammar tasks provide controlled environments to study learning and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the structural mere exposure effect (SMEE) and implicit learning.
  • To determine how changes in encoding and testing conditions affect SMEE in an artificial grammar task.
  • To differentiate between explicit rule judgments and implicit familiarity-based liking.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments using artificial grammar stimuli generated by a finite-state grammar.
  • Participants memorized stimuli and later rated liking and grammaticality of novel items.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Manipulations included changes in stimulus representation, item complexity, and processing operations between encoding and testing.

    • Main Results:

    • A small but consistent SMEE was observed on liking ratings when encoding and testing conditions were consistent.
    • SMEE was eliminated by changes in surface representation, item fragmentation, or processing mismatch.
    • Grammaticality judgments remained unaffected by these manipulations, suggesting explicit knowledge retrieval.

    Conclusions:

    • The SMEE in artificial grammar learning is sensitive to changes in encoding-test consistency.
    • Explicit rule judgments rely on memory recall, while SMEE may stem from processing fluency.
    • Consistent processing conditions are crucial for the emergence of SMEE in this paradigm.