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Small bowel review: normal physiology part 1.

A B Thomson1, M Keelan, A Thiesen

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Recent advances in small bowel physiology offer new therapeutic targets for gastroenterologists. Understanding nutrient transporters and protein-mediated absorption can improve treatment for malabsorption and diarrhea.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Small Bowel Physiology
  • Intestinal Pathology

Background:

  • Significant advancements have been made in understanding small bowel physiology, pathology, and therapy.
  • Over 1500 papers were reviewed to synthesize clinically relevant information for practicing gastroenterologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present clinically useful information on recent advances in small bowel physiology and pathology.
  • To highlight key learning points for gastroenterologists regarding nutrient absorption, therapeutic targets, and treatment of common gastrointestinal disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of over 1500 papers.
  • Focus on identifying and summarizing clinically relevant findings in small bowel physiology and pathology.

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Main Results:

  • Glucose absorption is regulated by SGLT1 mRNA and posttranscriptional processes.
  • Cytochrome P-450 inducers affect nutrient absorption and consumption.
  • Hepatocyte growth factor and short-chain fatty acids may prevent intestinal atrophy.
  • Lipid absorption is partly protein-mediated, offering therapeutic targets.
  • New agents like bromelain and sorbin show promise for treating diarrhea.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting nutrient transporters and protein-mediated pathways offers new therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Identifying bile acid malabsorption is crucial for unexplained chronic diarrhea.
  • Emerging therapies show potential for managing malabsorption, obesity, and diarrhea.