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Parental 'affectionless control' in adolescent depressive disorder.

G C Patton1, C Coffey, M Posterino

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Sub-optimal parenting, including low maternal and paternal care, is linked to a higher risk of adolescent-onset depressive disorder. These findings suggest parenting style impacts the onset of depression in young people.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adults with depressive disorder frequently report inadequate childhood maternal care.
  • Parenting styles' impact on adolescent-onset depressive disorder remains under-investigated despite early life relationship salience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the association between parenting styles and adolescent-onset depressive disorder.
  • To examine the relationship between perceived maternal and paternal care and the development of depression in adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-year, six-wave longitudinal study of 2032 Australian secondary school students.
  • Utilized the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R) for initial depressive episode diagnosis and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) for confirmation.

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  • Assessed parental bonding using the Parental Bonding Instrument.

    • Main Results:

    • Low maternal and paternal care were independently associated with depressive disorder, most strongly in the lowest quartile of reported care.
    • Depressive disorder was defined by both CIS-R and CIDI criteria in 69 subjects over 30 months.
    • High parental control showed minimal association with depression after adjusting for low parental care.

    Conclusions:

    • Sub-optimal parenting, specifically low maternal and paternal care, is significantly associated with adolescent depressive disorder.
    • Low parental care demonstrated a two- to three-fold increased rate of depressive disorder.
    • Findings suggest sub-optimal parenting influences the onset, rather than the course, of adolescent depression.