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Enduring visual memory despite forced verbal rehearsal.

T E Parks, N E Kroll

    Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Learning and Memory
    |September 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Posner effect, or rapid same-different visual judgments, persists even with complex stimuli and varied differences. This suggests visual coding, not just verbal, underlies this cognitive phenomenon.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Visual Perception
    • Human Information Processing

    Background:

    • The Posner effect demonstrates rapid same-different judgments for identical visual stimuli.
    • Previous research suggested potential shifts to verbal coding under simpler conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the Posner effect with increased visual complexity.
    • To examine the effect when diverse visual differences are present between stimuli.
    • To determine if verbal coding explains the loss of the Posner effect in simpler tasks.

    Main Methods:

    • Experiment 1: Assessed the Posner effect using stimuli of increasing visual complexity.
    • Experiment 2: Examined the Posner effect with a wider range of visual differences between stimuli.

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  • Subjects performed overt verbal rehearsals of the initial stimulus.

    • Main Results:

    • The Posner effect was observed even when stimuli were complex (e.g., letter pairs) or differed in case and style.
    • Overt verbal rehearsals did not eliminate the Posner effect under these conditions.
    • This indicates that verbal coding is not the sole factor responsible for the effect.

    Conclusions:

    • The Posner effect is robust and not solely dependent on simple visual coding.
    • Losses of the Posner effect in simpler tasks are not necessarily due to a switch to exclusively verbal coding.
    • Visual processing remains significant even when verbal rehearsal occurs.