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Neutron environments on the Martian surface.

M S Clowdsley1, J W Wilson, M H Kim

  • 1National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
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New findings reveal that upward-moving neutrons from Martian regolith significantly increase the low-energy neutron radiation on the Martian surface, a critical factor for future manned missions.

Area of Science:

  • Space Science
  • Astrogeology
  • Radiation Physics

Background:

  • Manned missions to Mars face significant radiation exposure risks.
  • Previous assessments underestimated neutron radiation on the Martian surface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the neutron energy spectrum on the Martian surface.
  • To incorporate secondary neutrons originating from the Martian regolith.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the enhanced HZETRN (Heliospheric Journey to Earth's Radiation Environment Near) space radiation transport code.
  • Modeled interactions of atmospheric ions (protons, galactic cosmic rays) with Martian atmospheric elements (carbon, oxygen).
  • Included secondary neutrons generated within the Martian regolith that travel upwards.
Keywords:
NASA Center LaRCNASA Discipline Radiation Health

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Main Results:

  • Low-energy neutron fluence on the Martian surface is higher than previously estimated.
  • Upward-moving neutrons from the regolith contribute significantly to the neutron spectrum below 10 MeV.
  • The interaction of charged particles with the Martian atmosphere produces secondary ions and neutrons.

Conclusions:

  • Current radiation models for Mars may need revision to account for upward-moving neutrons.
  • Accurate radiation assessment is crucial for ensuring astronaut safety on Mars.
  • Further research into Martian surface radiation is warranted.