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A Multi-detection Assay for Malaria Transmitting Mosquitoes
Published on: February 28, 2015
Malaria surveillance--United States, 1998.
T H Holtz1, S P Kachur, J R MacArthur
1Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, USA.
Summary
Malaria cases in the U.S. decreased by 20.5% in 1998, largely due to fewer Plasmodium vivax infections acquired in Asia. Travelers should adhere to chemoprophylaxis and use protective measures against mosquito bites.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Human malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, with most U.S. cases linked to international travel.
- Surveillance aims to detect local transmission and inform traveler prevention strategies.
Observation:
- In 1998, 1,227 malaria cases were reported in the U.S., a 20.5% decrease from 1997.
- Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax were the most common species identified.
- Cases acquired in Asia significantly decreased, while those from Africa increased.
Findings:
- The overall reduction in malaria cases was primarily attributed to a decline in P. vivax infections originating from Asia.
- A significant proportion of U.S. civilians acquiring malaria abroad did not follow recommended chemoprophylaxis guidelines.
- Five cases were acquired within the U.S., including one congenital and one transfusion-related infection.
Implications:
- The findings underscore the importance of adhering to antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and personal protective measures for international travelers.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial, as malaria infections can be fatal.
- Continued surveillance is essential for monitoring malaria trends and guiding public health interventions.
