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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.0K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
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Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
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Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

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Imaging of the olfactory system.

D M Yousem1, K K Oguz, C Li

  • 1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. yousem@rad.jhu.edu

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory dysfunction arises from various extracranial and intracranial conditions affecting the sense of smell. Further research is needed to explore the imaging aspects of these diverse olfactory system diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • The olfactory system, comprising nasal nerves, olfactory bulbs, tracts, and intracranial pathways, is crucial for the sense of smell.
  • Dysfunction can stem from extracranial (sinonasal inflammation, tumors) and intracranial (congenital, traumatic, neurodegenerative disorders) causes.
  • Despite the wide range of olfactory system diseases, their imaging implications remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diverse etiologies of olfactory dysfunction.
  • To underscore the need for comprehensive imaging analysis in olfactory disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of sinonasal, congenital, traumatic, and neurodegenerative conditions impacting olfaction.
  • Identification of common causes for extracranial and intracranial olfactory dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Sinonasal inflammatory and neoplastic processes frequently affect olfaction.
  • Congenital, traumatic, and neurodegenerative disorders are primary intracranial causes of olfactory dysfunction.
  • A significant gap exists in the exploration of imaging findings related to olfactory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction has a broad spectrum of causes, both within and outside the skull.
  • Further investigation into the imaging characteristics of these olfactory system diseases is warranted.