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Related Experiment Videos

Neonatal varicella.

A Sauerbrei1, P Wutzler

  • 1Institute for Antiviral Chemotherapy, Klinikum of the Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
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Maternal chickenpox during late pregnancy can cause severe neonatal varicella (chickenpox in newborns). Prompt diagnosis and treatment, including acyclovir and passive immunization, are crucial for preventing fatalities in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Neonatal varicella (chickenpox in newborns) primarily results from maternal infection in the final three weeks of pregnancy.
  • Transmission can occur transplacentally or postnatally, with timing significantly impacting disease severity and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of neonatal varicella.
  • To highlight the critical relationship between maternal infection timing and infant outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neonatal varicella.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes based on the timing of maternal and infant varicella diagnosis.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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Main Results:

  • Maternal rash onset between 4-5 days before delivery and 2 days postpartum is associated with a 20% mortality rate from generalized neonatal varicella.
  • Infant chickenpox within the first 4 days of life is typically mild.
  • A 23% fatality rate is reported for neonatal chickenpox occurring between 5 days and 10-12 days of age.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of neonatal varicella is essential.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the preferred method for rapid viral diagnostics.
  • Passive immunization and prompt acyclovir treatment are indicated to prevent severe outcomes.