Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Robotically Delivered fMRI-Guided Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Published on: April 10, 2026
The status of empirically supported therapies: comment on Westen and Morrison's (2001) multidimensional meta-analysis
1Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. michael_lambert@byu.edu
Abstract:
In this commentary, a meta-analytic review by D. Westen and K. Morrison (2001) is put in a historical context of the controversies over the effects of psychotherapy. It is suggested that recalculations of the effects of psychotherapy have been common in past debates and that Westen and Morrison's estimates understate the effects of therapy. Data are summarized that suggest that outcomes in clinical practice are equivalent to clinical trials research, but only when patients receive similar levels of treatment and regardless of whether empirically supported therapies are offered. Treatment gains are generally maintained. It is suggested that outcomes management strategies would be far more efficient than efficacy and effectiveness research in maximizing patient outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
The Scientific Method
Psychotherapy
Elements Crucial for Effective Psychotherapy
The Therapeutic Alliance
The therapeutic alliance refers to the relationship between the therapist and the client. The alliance strengthens when the therapist and the client engage in a nurturing, supportive, trusting, empathetic, and respectful relationship, improving therapeutic outcomes. Therapists must monitor this relationship...
Psychodynamic Therapy
Modeling in Therapy
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Community Based Intervention
Foundations of Community Mental Health Programs
Central to the success of community-based interventions is the...