Research strategies for clinicians

B B Granger1

  • 1Duke University Medical Center and Health Systems and Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Grang004@mc.duke.edu

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Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
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