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Lead poisoning in Indian silver refiners.

S K Tandon1, M Chatterjee, A Bhargava

  • 1Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Chemical Toxicology, Marg, Lucknow, India.

The Science of the Total Environment
|January 10, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Silver refiners in India suffer lead poisoning from smelting waste. Daily vitamin B1 and vitamin C intake may prevent lead accumulation and reduce its toxic effects in exposed workers.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Silver refining using lead scraps is a small-scale industry in India.
  • Workers in this industry are at risk of lead exposure and poisoning.
  • Lead toxicity manifests with symptoms like anemia, abdominal colic, and gum discoloration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate lead poisoning among silver refiners.
  • To assess the efficacy of Vitamin B1 and Vitamin C in mitigating lead toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Survey and clinical investigations of 50 silver refiners.
  • Measurement of blood lead levels, ALAD activity, and thiamine levels.
  • Intervention study with Vitamin B1 and Vitamin C supplementation for 1 month.

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Main Results:

  • 31 out of 50 refiners showed signs of lead poisoning with elevated blood lead levels.
  • Both Vitamin B1 and Vitamin C significantly lowered blood lead levels and reduced deficiencies.
  • Vitamin C effectively reversed ALAD inhibition, while Vitamin B1 had a marginal effect.

Conclusions:

  • Daily intake of Vitamin B1 and Vitamin C can help prevent lead accumulation.
  • Vitamins may reduce the toxic effects of lead in occupationally exposed individuals.
  • Vitamin C shows greater efficacy in restoring ALAD activity compared to Vitamin B1.