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Deep brain stimulation in epilepsy.

T Loddenkemper1, A Pan, S Neme

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society
|January 10, 2002
PubMed
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Deep brain stimulation, specifically of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), shows promise for controlling epilepsy. Inhibiting the STN may activate brain regions that raise the seizure threshold, offering a new treatment avenue.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epileptology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Cerebellar stimulation has been explored for epilepsy.
  • Experimental studies suggest nigral control of the epilepsy system.
  • The dorsal midbrain anticonvulsant zone may be inhibited by the substantia nigra pars reticulata.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in epilepsy.
  • To explore the hypothesis that STN inhibition can modulate the seizure threshold.
  • To review evidence for nigral control of epilepsy and STN stimulation outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental animal studies on nigral control of epilepsy.
  • Analysis of preliminary results from STN stimulation in animals and humans.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of alternative seizure suppression mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests the substantia nigra pars reticulata inhibits the dorsal midbrain anticonvulsant zone.
    • Inhibition of the STN may release this inhibitory control, activating the anticonvulsant zone.
    • Preliminary results indicate potential for STN stimulation in epilepsy treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Modulating the seizure threshold via STN stimulation is a potential future treatment for intractable epilepsy.
    • The nigral control system offers a target for epilepsy management.
    • Further research into STN stimulation mechanisms is warranted.