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Thyroid function in physiological aging and in centenarians: possible relationships with some nutritional markers.

F Magri1, B Muzzoni, L Cravello

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|January 10, 2002
PubMed
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Thyroid function in centenarians shows lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and higher reverse T3 (rT3) levels, suggesting reduced 5'-deiodinase activity with aging. Nutritional markers remained largely normal in healthy elderly and centenarian women.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Thyroid function changes in the elderly are noted, but their causes, including malnutrition and nonthyroidal illness, are debated.
  • Understanding thyroid physiology in extreme aging is crucial for assessing health and disease in centenarians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thyroid function in relation to nutritional status markers in healthy elderly subjects and centenarians.
  • To compare thyroid hormone profiles and autoantibody incidence across young, elderly, and centenarian age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 24 healthy elderly women, 24 centenarian women, and 20 young women.
  • Assayed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and reverse T3 (rT3).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluated humoral nutritional markers, including transferrin and total cholesterol, and thyroid autoantibodies (AbTg, AbTPO).

    • Main Results:

    • Centenarians exhibited significantly lower TSH and slightly increased rT3 levels compared to elderly controls.
    • Thyroid autoantibody incidence was lower in centenarians (4.16%) than in elderly (10.4%) and young (13.6%) controls.
    • Nutritional markers were generally within normal ranges, except for lower transferrin and total cholesterol in centenarians.

    Conclusions:

    • Age-related decline in TSH and increased rT3 in centenarians suggest reduced 5 deiodinase activity.
    • Observed thyroid function changes in centenarians are likely independent of significant nutritional deficiencies.
    • Findings highlight specific endocrine adaptations in centenarians, distinct from typical aging patterns.