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Related Experiment Videos

A complex role for distal-less in crustacean appendage development.

Terri A Williams1, C Nulsen, L M Nagy

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CA 06520, USA. terri.williams@yale.edu

Developmental Biology
|January 11, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Homeodomain proteins Distal-less (Dll) and Extradenticle (Exd) pattern insect legs. Their expression in crustaceans reveals limb evolution and suggests Dll may have ancestral roles in nervous system development.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Arthropod biology

Background:

  • Insect leg development is patterned by Distal-less (Dll) and Extradenticle (Exd) proteins, defining proximal and distal domains.
  • These domains are thought to reflect early limb evolution, subdividing appendages into functional parts.
  • Arthropod limbs exhibit diverse morphologies, often more complex than the simple Drosophila leg.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns of Dll and Exd in crustaceans with complex, branched limbs.
  • To compare limb development in crustaceans with the established model in Drosophila.
  • To explore the evolutionary conservation and divergence of limb patterning mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis of Dll and Exd in two crustacean species.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative analysis of expression domains and their correlation with limb morphology.
  • Examination of the relationship between Dll expression and setal development.

    • Main Results:

    • Dll and Exd expression domains in crustaceans show both exclusive Dll expression and extensive overlap with Exd.
    • Proximal and distal domains exist in arthropod limbs but do not consistently define homologous structures across species.
    • A strong correlation was observed between Dll expression and setal-forming cells along the proximal/distal axis.

    Conclusions:

    • Limb patterning by Dll and Exd is conserved in arthropods, but the specific domains do not map to homologous structures universally.
    • Dll may have an ancestral role in peripheral nervous system development, indicated by its association with setal formation.
    • Branch formation in complex arthropod limbs is not solely governed by a simple repetition of the Drosophila proximal/distal patterning module.