Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Formulations for Freeze-drying of Bacteria and Their Influence on Cell Survival
Published on: August 3, 2013
Freeze-thawing behaviour of highly concentrated aqueous alkali chloride-glucose systems
K Kajiwara1, A Motegi, N Murase
1Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University of Science and Technology, 2525 Yatsusawa Uenohara-machi, Kitatsuru-gun, Yamanashi, 409-0193, Japan.
Abstract:
The freeze-thawing behaviour of highly concentrated aqueous alkali chloride-glucose systems was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the aqueous NaCl-glucose solution system, single or double glass transitions followed by the corresponding devitrification exotherms were observed during rewarming. In the aqueous KCl-glucose solution system, on the other hand, a single glass transition followed by an exotherm was observed during rewarming. The presence of double glass transitions observed for a certain composition of the aqueous NaCl-glucose solution was taken as an evidence for the liquid-liquid immiscibility at low temperatures. Two kinds of crystallisation accompanied by exotherms during rewarming were identified by X-ray diffraction as ice and ice/NaCl x 2H(2)O, or ice/KCl eutectic component.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

