[Noma: Dutch history of a nearly forgotten disease]

Noma is an orofacial gangrene that may develop in malnourished and debilitated children. It was once a common disorder in the Netherlands. The medical history of noma has some important Dutch contributions. In 1595, Carel Baten was the first to describe noma as a clinical entity and in 1680, Cornelis van de Voorde coined the name 'noma' for this orofacial gangrene, thereby replacing the term 'water cancer' which was then in common usage. One of the first facial reconstruction operations on a noma patient was performed by Leendert Stelwagen in 1779. Noma gradually disappeared in the Netherlands during the second half of the nineteenth century due to an improved nutritional status amongst the poorest in society. Yet in other parts of the world approximately 110,000 children a year still die from this disorder, which has been largely forgotten in the Western world.