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Updated: Sep 4, 2026

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
Published on: April 28, 2016
Interactions between gastric emptying and satiety, with special reference to glucagon-like peptide-1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Gastroenterology Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. per.hellstrom@medks.ki.se
Abstract:
The slowing of gastric emptying is an important mechanism for the satiating effect of gut peptide signaling. After food intake, cholecystokinin (CCK), as well as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), are released from the gastrointestinal tract to mediate satiety. In humans, CCK and the GLP-1 have been found to cause satiety in both normal and obese subjects. This satiating effect may be caused by the peptides circulating as hormones with direct effects in the central nervous system, or indirect effects through signals mediated either via the vagus nerve or by activation of vagal afferent fibers due to slow gastric emptying. These peptides also cause gastric relaxation, considered an additional component in the satiating effect of the peptides. To conclude, after food intake, gut peptides may act in concert as neurohormonal satiety signals acting directly in the brain or indirectly via the vagus nerve, as well as through gastric sensory mechanisms to limit food intake.
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