Management of calcium ureterolithiasis in a French lop rabbit

A 19-month-old entire male French lop rabbit was presented with a two-week history of a depressed appetite and lethargy. Clinical and laboratory findings, together with abdominal radiographic studies, suggested a diagnosis of right-sided calcium ureterolithiasis. Management included the surgical removal and analysis of the urolith. Confirmation of a calcium-containing urolith and the presence of hypercalcaemia necessitated the introduction of a low calcium diet. Recovery was complicated by the occurrence of a second urolith within the left ureter. This was also removed successfully by surgical means. The rabbit made a full recovery and assessment of serial serum calcium concentration has since confirmed the long-term maintenance of calcium levels within their normal range.