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Cholera in Indonesia in 1993-1999.

C H Simanjuntak1, W Larasati, S Arjoso

  • 1National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|January 17, 2002
PubMed
Summary

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Cholera surveillance in Indonesia found Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa as the main cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases. No introduction of the O139 serotype was detected during the study period.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cholera surveillance is crucial for identifying emerging pathogens like Vibrio cholerae non-O1, O139.
  • Understanding regional cholera patterns in Indonesia is vital for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor the introduction of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, O139 serotype in Indonesia.
  • To characterize the epidemiology of cholera, including epidemic and sporadic diarrheal diseases, from 1993-1999.

Main Methods:

  • A dual surveillance strategy involving outbreak investigations and hospital-based case recognition.
  • Laboratory analysis included rectal swab cultures, serotypic identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Main Results:

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  • Vibrio cholerae O1, Ogawa serotype, was the predominant cause in 17 investigated cholera outbreaks.
  • Of 6,882 specimens from eight hospitals, 9% were positive for V. cholerae (589 O1, 20 non-O1).
  • No introduction of the non-O1, O139 serotype was observed; V. cholerae O1 Ogawa was consistently found, with susceptibility to antimicrobials except colistin.

Conclusions:

  • Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa remains the primary cause of cholera in Indonesia.
  • Cholera outbreaks in western Indonesia correlate with low rainfall, while eastern Indonesia outbreaks may be linked to heavy rainfall.
  • The non-O1, O139 serotype did not emerge during the surveillance period.