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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts
Published on: June 8, 2010
Transforming growth factor-alpha promotes mouse blastocyst outgrowth and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases
1State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
Objective:
To study the effect of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) on early stage of embryo implantation.
Methods:
Mouse blastocysts were cultured in vitro in medium containing various concentrations of TGF-alpha. Blastocyst implantation capacity was evaluated by calculating the percentage of embryos with attachment or outgrowth. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion of blastocysts was observed using gelatin zymography.
Results:
There was no significant difference in the percentage of attachment between control and TGF-alpha treated groups, but the percentage of outgrowth of TGF-alpha treated groups was significantly higher than that of the control group after 24 h culturing. Gelatin zymography showed that blastocysts cultured in TGF-alpha treated groups started secreting MMPs earlier than those in the control group.
Conclusion:
TGF-alpha is involved in regulating the mouse embryo implantation process by promoting blastocyst outgrowth and secreting matrix matalloproteinases.
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