Ecophysiological behavior of Caquetaia kraussii (Pisces: Cichlidae) exposed to different temperatures and salinities

Tropical river sardine, Caquetaia kraussii, captured from La Aguá lagoon (Sucre State, Venezuela) were acclimatized for four weeks at 22, 24, 30 and 32 degrees C and at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 17@1000 salinity. To evaluate effects of thermal response to acclimatization level, the fish were transferred suddenly from lower temperatures (22 and 24 degrees C) to higher ones (32 and 30 degrees C) respectively. Then thermal resistance time was measured at the lethal temperature of 40.9 degrees C for 30 days. We considered that acclimatization process completed when resistance time was stabilized at the new temperature regime. For the saline effect, the concentrations of sodium and potassium were measured in the tissues at each treatment: gills, white muscle, gut and heart. The results showed that thermal tolerance increased rapidly in 3 h with a 6 degrees C rise in temperature (from 24 to 30 degrees C) and in 24 h with a 10 degrees C rise (22 to 32 degrees C). With decreasing temperatures, the acclimatization level reached its lowest in 11 days with a 6 degrees C decreases (from 30 to 24 degrees C) and in 14 days with a 10 degrees C decrease (32 to 22 degrees C). Caquetaia kraussii regulates as much sodium as potassium in gills and white muscle tissues at all salinity levels tested; however, gut and heart tissues showed significantly different regulations among salinities examined.