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Neointimal formation by circulating bone marrow cells.

J H Campbell1, C L Han, G R Campbell

  • 1Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. julie.campbell@mailbox.uq.edu.au

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|January 25, 2002
PubMed
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Bone marrow cells can become smooth muscle-like cells during vascular healing. This study shows these cells contribute to repairing severely damaged arteries, acting as a complementary source when resident cells are insufficient.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Vascular healing involves complex cellular processes to repair damaged blood vessels.
  • The origin of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contributing to neointima formation during vascular repair remains a key question.
  • Resident SMCs and circulating progenitor cells are potential sources for vascular repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether bone marrow-derived cells can differentiate into smooth muscle-like cells during vascular healing.
  • To determine the contribution of bone marrow cells to neointima formation after arterial injury.

Main Methods:

  • Chimeric mice were generated by whole-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation from congenic donors (Ly 5.1).
  • Vascular injury was induced in the iliac artery (scratch injury) and common carotid artery (suture injury).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Flow cytometry and in situ hybridization (Y chromosome probe) were used to identify donor-derived cells and their differentiation status (alpha-smooth muscle actin).

    • Main Results:

    • Donor bone marrow successfully repopulated the recipient mice.
    • In severely damaged iliac arteries, approximately half of the alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in the neointima were of donor origin.
    • Donor-derived smooth muscle-like cells were found in arteries with significant damage but not in those with minimal injury.

    Conclusions:

    • Bone marrow-derived cells can serve as a source of smooth muscle-like cells in vascular repair.
    • This contribution is significant when the arterial media is severely damaged and resident SMCs are scarce.
    • Hematopoietic stem cells may possess plasticity, differentiating into cells crucial for vascular regeneration.