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Related Experiment Videos

Hydraulic tests with direct-push equipment.

James J Butler1, John M Healey, G Wesley McCall

  • 1Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66047, USA. jbutler@kgs.ukans.edu

Ground Water
|January 19, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Direct-push technology offers a viable method for hydraulic characterization in saturated systems. Careful tool selection and installation procedures are crucial for accurate hydraulic conductivity (K) estimates.

Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Hydrogeology
  • Environmental Engineering

Background:

  • Direct-push technology (DPT) is increasingly utilized for subsurface investigations.
  • Accurate hydraulic characterization is essential for understanding groundwater flow and contaminant transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of DPT for hydraulic characterization of saturated flow systems.
  • To compare hydraulic conductivity (K) estimates from DPT installations with conventional methods.

Main Methods:

  • Field investigation at a site with controlled subsurface conditions.
  • Emplacement of direct-push installations with shielded and unshielded screens.
  • Constant-rate pumping tests and slug tests conducted in DPT observation wells.

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Main Results:

  • DPT hydraulic conductivity (K) estimates showed good agreement with conventional wells (within 4% for pumping tests, within 2% for slug tests in sandy silt).
  • Smaller diameter DPT rods (0.016 m I.D.) attenuated responses in high-permeability zones (K > 70 m/day), leading to underprediction of K.
  • Larger diameter rods (0.038 m I.D.) are recommended for accurate K estimation in permeable formations.

Conclusions:

  • Direct-push technology provides valuable data for hydraulic testing in saturated systems.
  • Appropriate tool selection (e.g., larger diameter rods) and careful installation/development are critical for reliable K estimates.
  • Shielded screens are preferred to minimize borehole disturbance and ensure data quality in heterogeneous formations.