Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lowering Albuminuria-Does It Lower the Cardiovascular Risk?: Reduction in Albuminuria Translates to Reduction in Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients: Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study. Hypertension 45: 198-202, 2005.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2023
Same author

Reducing Microalbuminuria-Does It Lower Cardiovascular Risk?: Reduction in Albuminuria Translates to Reduction in Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients: Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study. Hypertension 45: 198-202, 2005.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2023
Same author

Weight reduction and aortic stiffness in obese children and adolescents: a 1-year follow-up study.

Journal of human hypertension·2015
Same author

Copeptin, a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin secretion, is associated with higher glucose and insulin concentrations but not higher blood pressure in obese men.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2014
Same author

A prediction of the renal and cardiovascular efficacy of aliskiren in ALTITUDE using short-term changes in multiple risk markers.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2013
Same author

Increased arterial wall thickness - atherosclerosis or what?

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2012
Same journal

Making Clinician Time Visible in Hypertension Guideline Implementation.

Blood pressure·2026
Same journal

Commentary On Validating the accuracy of Omron HEM-790XT1 electronic blood pressure monitor in the general population according to AAMI/ESH/ISO (ISO 81060-2:2018 + AMD1:2020).

Blood pressure·2026
Same journal

Effect of Fourth-Line Antihypertensive Therapy on Clinic Systolic Blood Pressure in Resistant Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Blood pressure·2026
Same journal

Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Levels Are Associated With Adverse Left Ventricular Geometric Remodeling in Non-Diabetic Patients With Essential Hypertension.

Blood pressure·2026
Same journal

Comment on: 'Health literacy and its role in promoting medication adherence among hypertension patients'.

Blood pressure·2026
Same journal

Expanding hypertension management through a behavioural counselling perspective: reflections on specialist and non-specialist practice differences.

Blood pressure·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
08:17

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

Left ventricular structure and diastolic function in subjects with two hypertensive parents.

U B Andersen1, F Steensgaard-Hansen, J Rokkedal

  • 1Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark. uandersen@dadlnet.dk

Blood Pressure
|January 22, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with a strong predisposition to essential hypertension show increased left ventricular relative wall thickness (RWT). This cardiac remodeling is linked to higher systolic blood pressure, not insulin sensitivity or cardiomyotrophic hormones.

More Related Videos

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
08:09

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats

Published on: December 13, 2019

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice
08:21

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice

Published on: June 15, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
08:17

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
08:09

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats

Published on: December 13, 2019

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice
08:21

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice

Published on: June 15, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Clinical Echocardiography

Background:

  • Essential hypertension has a significant genetic component.
  • Early detection of cardiac structural changes in hypertension-prone individuals is crucial.
  • Understanding factors influencing cardiac remodeling is key to preventing cardiovascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a strong predisposition to essential hypertension on echocardiographic parameters.
  • To assess the role of insulin sensitivity and cardiomyotrophic hormones in cardiac structure and function.
  • To identify early markers of cardiovascular risk in normotensive individuals with hypertensive parents.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 26 normotensive subjects with two hypertensive parents and 26 matched controls.
  • Echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular structure and function.
  • Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies and measurement of plasma hormones (renin, angiotensin-II, aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine) were performed.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension-prone subjects exhibited higher resting systolic and 24-h diastolic blood pressure compared to controls.
  • Increased relative wall thickness (RWT) was observed in the hypertension-prone group.
  • No significant differences were found in left ventricular mass index, diastolic function, insulin sensitivity, or plasma cardiomyotrophic hormone levels.

Conclusions:

  • A strong predisposition to essential hypertension is associated with increased left ventricular RWT in normotensive young adults.
  • This cardiac remodeling is primarily attributed to elevated systolic blood pressure.
  • Insulin sensitivity and selected cardiomyotrophic hormones do not appear to be major contributors to this early cardiac structural change.