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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Objective detection of the amplitude modulation following response (AMFR).

Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology·2001
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Efficient stimuli for recording of the amplitude modulation following response.

Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology·2001
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Objective detection of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions.

Scandinavian audiology·2001
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Comparison of speech recognition with different speech coding strategies (SPEAK, CIS, and ACE) and their relationship to telemetric measures of compound action potentials in the nucleus CI 24M cochlear implant system.

Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology·2001
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Objective detection of auditory brainstem potentials: comparison of statistical tests in the time and frequency domains.

Scandinavian audiology·2000
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Electric-acoustic stimulation of the auditory system. New technology for severe hearing loss.

ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties·1999

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

[The ERA characteristics in normal-hearing persons].

E Stürzebecher, K D Wernecke, H Wagner

    Acta Oto-Laryngologica
    |September 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study measured auditory evoked response (AER) amplitudes and latencies in adults aged 20-70. Findings indicate no significant age-related differences in AER characteristics within this range.

    Area of Science:

    • Auditory Neuroscience
    • Human Physiology
    • Audiology

    Context:

    • Auditory Evoked Responses (AERs) are crucial for assessing auditory pathway function.
    • Understanding age-related changes in AERs is vital for diagnosing hearing impairments.
    • Previous research has yielded varied results regarding age and AER characteristics.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the influence of age on auditory evoked response amplitudes and latencies.
    • To compare intra-individual and inter-individual variances in AER measures.
    • To analyze the relationship between stimulus intensity and response variability.

    Summary:

    • Auditory evoked response (AER) amplitudes and latencies were measured in normal-hearing adults across three age groups (20-25, 30-50, 55-70 years).

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    Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

    Published on: March 24, 2023

    Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode
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    Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode

    Published on: October 11, 2024

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

    Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
    14:05

    Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

    Published on: January 23, 2017

    Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
    06:04

    Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

    Published on: March 24, 2023

    Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode
    03:49

    Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode

    Published on: October 11, 2024

  • Intra-individual variance of amplitudes was significantly lower than inter-individual variance, with both decreasing as stimulus intensity increased.
  • No significant differences in amplitudes or latencies were observed between the age groups, suggesting preserved auditory function across the studied lifespan.
  • Variational coefficients for latencies, including N1 and P2, showed no significant intra- vs. inter-individual differences and exhibited a minimum at medium stimulus intensity.

    • Impact:

    • Provides normative data for auditory evoked responses in a broad adult age range.
    • Suggests that typical aging does not significantly alter basic auditory processing as measured by AERs.
    • Highlights the importance of stimulus intensity in interpreting response variability.