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Modeling panic attacks.

L C Schenberg1, A S Bittencourt, E C Sudré

  • 1Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil. schenber@terra.com

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|January 22, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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This study investigated how antidepressant drugs affect defensive behaviors linked to panic attacks. Chronic clomipramine and fluoxetine treatments altered specific defensive responses, suggesting galloping is a key panic-like behavior.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) is crucial for defensive behaviors.
  • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of panic attacks is essential for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the isomorphism between dorsal periaqueductal gray-evoked defensive behaviors and panic attacks.
  • To assess the effects of anxiolytic, anxiogenic, and antidepressant drugs on these behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Electrically induced defensive behaviors (immobility, trotting, galloping, jumping, exophthalmus, micturition, defecation) were measured.
  • Thresholds were recorded before and after acute and chronic drug administration.
  • Drugs tested included clomipramine, fluoxetine, maprotiline, diazepam, midazolam, and pentylenetetrazole.

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Main Results:

  • Chronic clomipramine increased thresholds for immobility, trotting, galloping, jumping, and micturition.
  • Chronic fluoxetine abolished galloping.
  • Chronic maprotiline selectively increased immobility thresholds.
  • Acute clomipramine and fluoxetine increased galloping thresholds.
  • Pentylenetetrazole decreased thresholds for galloping and micturition.

Conclusions:

  • Immobility appears to be a norepinephrine (NE)-mediated attentional response.
  • Galloping is identified as the most promising panic-like behavior for further study.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiology of panic and antidepressant action.