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Trachea

Trachea

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of the...

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:

Tracheostomy Decannulation

Tracheostomy Decannulation

Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Complications in pediatric tracheostomies.

M M Carr¹, C P Poje, L Kingston

¹Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA. mm.carr@utoronto.ca

The Laryngoscope

|January 22, 2002

Summary

Pediatric tracheostomy complications are common, with 43% experiencing serious issues like airway loss. Tracheostomy-related deaths are rare, affecting 0.7% of patients.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

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Published on: March 15, 2024

Area of Science:

Pediatric surgery
Otolaryngology
Critical care medicine

Background:

Pediatric tracheostomy is a vital procedure for airway management in children.
Complications can significantly impact patient outcomes and require careful monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the incidence and types of complications associated with pediatric tracheostomy.
To evaluate the outcomes of decannulation and mortality rates in this patient population.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart review of 142 children who underwent tracheotomy or laryngeal diversion between 1990 and 1999.
Analysis of intraoperative, early, and late complications, decannulation success rates, and mortality.

Main Results:

Serious complications occurred in 43% of patients, including airway loss (tube occlusion, accidental decannulation) or need for further surgery.
Complications were frequent after the first tube change (63%).
Decannulation was successful in 85% of trials, but 54% of decannulated patients still had complications.

Conclusions:

Pediatric tracheostomy is associated with a high rate of serious complications, necessitating vigilant management.
Deaths directly attributed to tracheostomy complications are infrequent (0.7%).