Continuous antigen delivery from controlled release implants induces significant and anamnestic immune responses

Two continuous delivery injectable silicone implants were tested to determine if they were capable of delivering vaccines in a single shot. The Type A implant delivers antigen in vitro over a 1-month-period and the Type B over several months. Vaccination studies in sheep were designed to compare the responses induced by the Type A and B implants, Alzet mini-osmotic pumps and conventional antigen delivery. A model antigen, avidin, was used along with IL-1beta or alum as adjuvants. Sheep were immunised with various formulations and the titre and isotype of the antigen specific antibodies monitored. The Type B implant induced antibody (Ab) titres of greater magnitude and duration than soluble vaccines or the Type A implant with adjuvant, but only if IL-1beta was included in the formulation. Both implants induced antibodies of IgG1 and IgG2 isotype. A memory response to soluble antigen challenge was induced by the Type B+IL-1beta implant, which was predominantly of an IgG1 isotype.